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Star Pakistan

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    nazirkhan engineerN
    @Ehsan-Malik said in 📡 Technical Breakdown: The Pre-Launch Communication Link: From SUPARCO to the Stars: The Life and Legacy of Pakistan’s Satellite Fleet From SUPARCO to the Stars: The Life and Legacy of Pakistan’s Satellite Fleet Published: February 2026 Category: Aerospace & Technology Reading Time: 8 Minutes The successful launch of the PRSC-EO2 on February 12, 2026, marks another milestone in the “all-weather” friendship between Pakistan and China. But what does it actually take to get a satellite from a lab in Islamabad to a stable orbit 36,000 km above the Earth? In this article, we explore the high-stakes journey of a Pakistani satellite—from its birth to its final “retirement” in the graveyard orbit. 🏗️ Phase 1: The Logistics of Sovereignty Before a satellite reaches the launch pad at Xichang or Jiuquan, it undergoes a rigorous “Transit Campaign.” Clean Room Certification: Satellites are tested for “vibration” (to survive the rocket) and “thermal vacuum” (to survive space). The Secure Transfer: High-value hardware is transported via chartered cargo aircraft in nitrogen-purged containers. This bypasses standard customs to ensure the technology remains secure and pristine. The Chinese Handshake: Upon arrival, Pakistani engineers from SUPARCO and Chinese teams from CGWIC conduct “aliveness tests” to confirm no damage occurred during flight. 🚀 Phase 2: The Ascent and “First Breath” Once encapsulated in the fairing of a Long March rocket, the satellite enters the most dangerous minutes of its life. Separation: At the target altitude, pyrotechnic bolts release the satellite. Detumbling: Small thrusters fire immediately to stop the satellite from spinning. Solar Deployment: Like wings, the Multi-Junction solar arrays unfurl. These advanced panels are over 30% efficient, converting sunlight into high-voltage electricity to power the onboard systems. ⚡ Phase 3: The Engine Room (Chemical vs. Electric) Modern Pakistani satellites, such as the PakSat-MM1, utilize a “Hybrid” propulsion strategy to maximize their lifespan. Chemical Thrust: Used for the initial “heavy lifting” to reach the correct orbital slot. Electric Propulsion (EP): Once in place, Ion or Hall Thrusters take over. These use solar energy to accelerate Xenon gas at speeds up to 40,000 m/s. While the thrust is gentle, it is incredibly efficient, allowing satellites to stay operational for 15–20 years. 🪦 Phase 4: The Final Goodbye (The Graveyard Orbit) Pakistan adheres to international “Space Ethics.” When a satellite reaches the end of its life, it isn’t left to drift in active lanes. The 300km Boost: Using its final drops of fuel, the satellite climbs to a Graveyard Orbit safely above the active Geostationary belt. Passivation: Engineers drain the batteries and vent the tanks to prevent accidental explosions, leaving the satellite as a silent, safe monument in the stars. 📊 Quick Reference: The Evolution of the Fleet Mission Launch Date Purpose Tech Highlight PakSat-1R 2011 Communication First major GEO collab PRSS-1 2018 Remote Sensing Dual-satellite launch PakSat-MM1 2024 Broadband Hybrid Propulsion PRSC-EO2 2026 Earth Observation Sea-based Launch ❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Who controls the satellite? > While China provides the launch vehicle, the “steering wheel” belongs to Pakistan. Ground stations in Karachi and Islamabad manage daily operations. What is the “25-Year Rule”? > For Low-Earth Orbit satellites, they must be designed to burn up in the atmosphere within 25 years of their mission ending to keep space clean. Looking Forward As SUPARCO looks toward Vision 2047, the collaboration with China remains the backbone of Pakistan’s presence in the final frontier. From the sea-borne launches of 2026 to future lunar exploration, the journey is only just beginning.
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  • PM. IMRAN KHAN

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    Zaeem ChZ
    As of Sunday, January 25, 2026, there is significant movement regarding Pakistan’s education strategy. While a single “National Education Policy 2026” document is still in the consultative phase, recent high-level meetings and frameworks show a clear shift toward the very “Political and Economic Education” you advocated for. Here is the update on how the current policy landscape is evolving: 1. The 38th Inter-Provincial Education Ministers’ Conference (IPEMC) Just a few weeks ago, on January 7, 2026, the 38th IPEMC was held in Islamabad. The focus of this conference was “Future Readiness,” with a specific emphasis on: National Curriculum Reforms: The government has officially launched a new reform process to update “outdated” curricula. Civics and Social Studies: There is a renewed push to integrate Civics, Law, and Economics deeper into the Social Studies curriculum for secondary students (Classes 9-12). This aims to capitalize on the “political education” you mentioned by providing a formal academic structure for it. 2. The National Education Policy Development Framework (NEPDF) 2024–2026 The Ministry of Federal Education recently released a framework that bridges the gap between old policies and the 2026 targets. It includes: Political Literacy: The policy now recognizes “Education as an agent of social reform” and emphasizes establishing a “democratic social order.” Economic & Vocational Skill-Building: For the first time, Skill Education (including basic financial and economic literacy) is being made mandatory for Classes 6 to 8. This aligns with your opinion that economic knowledge should be “compulsory” rather than selective. Critical Thinking over Rote Learning: The 2026 reforms aim to shift from “product-based instruction” (memorizing) to “process-based learning” (reasoning and inquiry). 3. Filling the “Knowledge Gap” The policy currently identifies a major gap between Political Awareness and Institutional Knowledge. The Issue: While people are interested in politics (the “Imran Khan effect” you noted), they often lack knowledge of how the Constitution, Local Government, and Macroeconomics actually work. The Solution: The 2026 curriculum updates are expected to include mandatory modules on Constitutional Rights (Article 25A) and National Debt Management to ensure that “politically educated” citizens also become “system-educated” citizens. Summary of the “Compulsory” Shifts Feature Old System (Selective) New 2026 Reforms (Compulsory) Politics Mentioned briefly in “Civics.” Integration of Human Rights & Democratic Order. Economics Only for Commerce/Arts students. Basic Economic Literacy for all (Classes 6-8). Citizenship Passive “Social Studies.” Active Civic Participation and Project-based learning. Technology Theory-based. AI & Digital Literacy integrated into all subjects. A Closing Thought on your Perspective Your belief that “Political and Economic education is compulsory” is actually becoming a global trend. Just yesterday (January 24, 2026), for the International Day of Education, UNESCO’s theme was “The Power of Youth in Co-creating Education.” Pakistan’s current push to include students in policy-making and broaden their understanding of national issues is a direct response to this global and local demand.
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  • Hareem Shah Went Viral On The Internet

    hareem shah another embarrassing video
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  • In the World of Fake News

    in the world of fake news fake news world of fake
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    zareenZ
    Fake news is a form of news consisting of deliberate disinformation or hoaxes spread via … Throughout World War II, both the Axis and the Allies employed fake news in the form of propaganda to persuade the public at home and in enemy … reff
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    zareenZ
    Pakistani short film ‘Darling’ has won an award at the Venice Film Festival. … Directed by Saim Sadiq ‘Darling’ was selected as the Best Short Film … making it Pakistan’s first short movie that enthralled the oldest movie gala’s audience. … won the Best Director Award at the Columbia University Film Festival.
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    zareenZ
    Description Here is the complete, original text of the millions-selling self- help guide that reveals your invisible power to attain any goal-paired with a compelling bonus work, How to Attract Money. … Google Books
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    zareenZ
    https://youtu.be/HCanghEMyPU
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