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    @zareen said in BT406 GDB 1 Solution and Discussion: Describe the ethical concerns during experimental research??? The major ethical issues in conducting research are: a) Informed consent, b) Beneficence- Do not harm c) Respect for anonymity and confidentiality d) Respect for privacy. However, both the nature of nursing which focuses on caring, preventing harm and protecting dignity and the advocates role of nurses which calls for defending the rights of subjects, are sometimes in congruent with the ethics in research. Conclusions: Ethical issues, conflicting values, and ambiguity in decision making, are recurrently emerging from literature review on nursing research. Because of lack of clarity in ethical standards, nurses must develop an awareness of these issues and an effective framework to deal with problems involving human rights. Human experimentation has been conducted even before 18th century. However, the ethical attitudes of researchers drawn the interest of society only after 1940’s because of human exploitation in several cases. Professional codes and laws were introduced since then in order to prevent scientific abuses of human lives. [4] The Nazi experiments led to the Nuremberg Code (1947) which was the leading code for all subsequent codes made to protect human rights in research. This code focuses on voluntary informed consent, liberty of withdrawal from research, protection from physical and mental harm, or suffering and death. It also emphasises the risk- benefit balance. [5] The only weak point of this code was the self regulation of researchers which can be abused in some research studies. [4] All declarations followed, forbade nontherapeutic research. It was only in 1964 with the declaration of Helsinki that the need for non therapeutic research was initiated. [6] The declaration emphasised the protection of subjects in this kind of research and strongly proclaimed that the well being of individuals is more important than scientific and social interests. [4] In terms of Nursing the first inquiry was the “Nightingale Pledge” (1983). Since then there has been a significant development of professional codes in conduct and research. The American Nurses’ Association (ANA) Guidelines for Research, the Human Rights Guidelines for nurses in clinical and other research (1985) and the Royal College of Nursing Code for nurses in research (1977) provide a strong assistance to professional nurses as well as reassurance to patients, the public and society, of professionals’ intentions. [7-9] link text
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    @zareen said in BT503 GDB 1 Solution and Discussion: “Discuss Bioremediation and factors affeting the use of Bio-remediation” The factors that directly impact on bioremediation are energy sources (electron donors), electron acceptors, nutrients, pH, temperature, and inhibitory substrates or metabolites. One of the primary distinctions between surface soils, vadose zone soils and groundwater sediments is the content of organic material. Each of the factors discussed above may limit the use of bio remediation in specific circumstances. All the factors are positive in some cases where bio remediation technology has been successfully completed. Knowledge of the susceptibility to bio degradation of some contaminants is still lacking and toxicity testing is becoming more important. Many reports indicate that bio remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons can lead to reduced toxicity and have been taken as evidence of favorable biochemistry in these cases. There are many factors that limit bio availability and have the impact of slowing the transport of specific compounds into aqueous phase where biological up take occurs readily. The importance of bio availability is strongly dependent on the nature of the contaminant,the soil chemistry, and the matrix. In some cases, bio-availability is relatively unimportant, while in others it may be critical. The influence of site-specific bio availability on bio remediation must be considered. Bio activity includes consideration of those parameters that have long been recognized as influencing the rate of bio remediation. With current bio remediation configurations, only certain parameters can be manipulated. This suggests that certain sites may be particularly favorable for in situ strategies, because the bio activity may be easily maintained. US environmental regulations are complex; the rule promulgation process can often be slow. Intense congressional and public involvement may hinder the writing of regulations which reflect in the field experiences. Rapidly emerging technologies, such as bio remediation, have been delayed by governmental policies that support only proven technologies. The trend is slowly changing and for bio remediation using both indigenous and non-indigenous, naturally occur-ring microorganisms, the regulatory hurdles are de-creasing. Even with the obstacles discussed above, there are tremendous market opportunities for bio remediation.With the next 10 years, soil clean-up costs alone are estimated to exceed US dollar 30 billion in Europe(Caplan, 1993). This compares with the US dollar 1billion spent thus far. If just 5% of this soil is cleaned using bio remediation, 1.5 billion dollars could be earned through bio treatment methods. Reff
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    zareenZ
    @zareen said in BT405 GDB 1 Solution and Discussion: Discuss Biosensors The term “biosensor” is short for “biological sensor.” The device is made up of a transducer and a biological element that may be an enzyme, an antibody or a nucleic acid. The bioelement interacts with the analyte being tested and the biological response is converted into an electrical signal by the transducer. Depending on their particular application, biosensors are also known as immunosensors, optrodes, resonant mirrors, chemical canaries, biochips, glucometers and biocomputers. A commonly cited definition of a biosensor is: “A chemical sensing device in which a biologically derived recognition is coupled to a transducer, to allow the quantitative development of some complex biochemical parameter.” Parts of a biosensor Every biosensor comprises: A biological component that acts as the sensor An electronic component that detects and transmits the signal Biosensor elements A variety of substances may be used as the bioelement in a biosensor. Examples of these include: Nucleic acids Proteins including enzymes and antibodies. Antibody-based biosensors are also called immunosensors. Plant proteins or lectins Complex materials like tissue slices, microorganisms and organelles The signal generated when the sensor interacts with the analyte may be electrical, optical or thermal. It is then converted by means of a suitable transducer into a measurable electrical parameter – usually a current or voltage. Applications Biosensor probes are becoming increasingly sophisticated, mainly owing to a combination of advances in two technological fields: microelectronics and biotechnology. Biosensors are highly valuable devices for measuring a wide spectrum of analytes including organic compounds, gases, ions and bacteria. History of biosensors The first experiment to mark the origin of biosensors was carried out by Leland C. Clark. For his experiment, Clark used platinum (Pt) electrodes to detect oxygen. He placed the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) very close to the surface of platinum by trapping it against the electrodes with a piece of dialysis membrane. The enzyme activity was modified according to the surrounding oxygen concentration. Glucose reacts with glucose oxidase (GOD) to give gluconic acid and produces two electrons and two protons, thereby reducing GOD. The reduced GOD, the electrons, protons and the surrounding oxygen all react to give hydrogen peroxide and oxidized GOD (the original form), therefore making more GOD available for more glucose to react with. The higher the glucose content, the more oxygen is consumed and the lower the glucose content, the more hydrogen peroxide is produced. This means either an increase in hydrogen peroxide or a decrease in oxygen can be measured to give an indication of the glucose concentration. Sources www.cse.unt.edu/.../MohantyIEEEPotentials2006Mar-Apr.pdf http://www.ias.ac.in/resonance/Dec2004/pdf/Dec2004p33-44.pdf http://www.gwent.org/presentations/biointro.pdf www.crec.ifas.ufl.edu/academics/faculty/reyes/PDF/BiosensorsEAFBE.pdf http://nanohub.org/resources/2261/download/ http://www.ceb.utk.edu/bioprimer.pdf
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    zareenZ
    @zareen said in MKT529 GDB 1 Solution and Discussion: discuss whether change in dollar rate has an influence on exports or not. How does exchange rate affect imports and exports? The exchange rate has an effect on the trade surplus (or deficit), which in turn affects the exchange rate, and so on. In general, however, a weaker domestic currency stimulates exports and makes imports more expensive. Conversely, a strong domestic currency hampers exports and makes imports cheaper.
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    Total Marks 5 Starting Date Thursday, February 11, 2021 Closing Date Friday, February 12, 2021 Status Closed Question Title Cortex-A OR Cortex-M Question Description A smartwatch is a very useful device developed by several companies these days including Apple, Samsung, Motorola and several others. It has a touch screen interface providing features like GPS tracking, heart rate and sleep monitoring etc. with power efficient batteries. The ARM Cortex processors are used in smartwatches providing several benefits. Suppose we have to choose between ARM Cortex-A or Cortex-M series architecture for our next generation smartwatch. Which one would you select between the two and why? Support your selection of either architecture with solid reasoning considering memory management, cost, performance and chip size. Important Instructions: Please note that no extra time will be given for posting comments on GDB. Use the font style “Times New Roman” with font size “12”. Do not copy or exchange your answer with other students. Two identical comments will be marked zero. Your comments should not exceed 120 words.
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    aftab sadiqA
    Suppose ABC Software Company is assigned a project by Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) police. The software company has experienced testers in its fleet. The task is to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) based application for traffic monitoring in the capital with solid documentation utilizing incomplete requirement documents. With short deadline, the test cases need to be automated using any of the following two options for improving the quality of the end product. Scripted Testing Exploratory Testing Justify your selection of either testing technique in the given scenario with logical arguments
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    zareenZ
    @zareen said in CHE301 GDB 1 Solution and Discussion: Discus practical applications of HPLC & GC-MS? Gas chromatography (GC) is used widely in applications involving food analysis. Typical applications pertain to the quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of food composition, natural products, food additives, flavor and aroma components, a variety of transformation products, and contaminants, such as pesticides, fumigants, environmental pollutants, natural toxins, veterinary drugs, and packaging materials. The aim of this article is to give a brief overview of the many uses of GC in food analysis in comparison to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and to mention state-of-the-art GC techniques used in the major applications. Past and current trends are assessed, and anticipated future trends in GC for food applications are predicted. Among the several new techniques being developed, the authors believe that, in food analysis applications, fast-GC/mass spectrometry (MS) will have the most impact in the next decade. Three approaches to fast-GC/MS include low-pressure GC/MS, GC/time-of-flight (TOF)-MS and GC/supersonic molecular beam (SMB)-MS, which are briefly discussed, and their features are compared. Reff
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    zareenZ
    @zareen said in CHE201 GDB 1 Solution and Discussion: Discus polarity of compounds on the basis of dipole moment? Dipole Moment || How to find Molecule is Polar or Non Polar … https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIoe21aMvJc They can occur between two ions in an ionic bond or between atoms in a covalent bond; dipole moments arise from differences in electronegativity. The larger the difference in electronegativity, the larger the dipole moment. … The dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of the molecule.
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    zareenZ
    Education related statistics coupled with Pakistan’s progress … EFA targets and its Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) for education … The system of education includes all institutions that are involved in … Due to the problems in education system of Pakistan, the country is … We never share your info. Reff Related Articles … The process of curriculum development is facing serious issues in Pakistan. … Curriculum problems of Pakistan are lack of sequence, economic … in school and colleges cannot be expected to encompass everything; … We need to ensure that their curriculum goes through a process of … Reff
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    zareenZ
    Find out the causes and effects of climate change, but most importantly the … Global warming is likely to be the greatest threat of our century. … What are its causes, its consequences and the possible solutions? … It is directly linked to the increase of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, worsening the greenhouse effect. Reff
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    zareenZ
    Before I get into a discussion about how the light meter works, think about the last time … Your camera’s light meter is like measuring the temperature using a meat … or ISO would make the triangle move up or down the line accordingly and result … You will often see wedding photographers using a light meter such as this in … Reff
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    zareenZ
    please share idea solution
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    zareenZ
    please share idea solution?
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    zareenZ
    Q. 1 Solution: A social worker tries to speak on behalf of a poor laborer who is unable to raise his voice for himself, as the worker tries to present his case in front of relevant departments/authorities. Identification: Advocate Justification: In the role of an advocate, the social worker struggle to obtain the rights of weak and vulnerable people who are unable to raise voice for themselves. Social workers work for obtaining the needed resources for those people. While working as an agent of change, social worker participating in a local community group to seek input from the people in order to bring about structural changes. Identification: Community Change Agent Justification: In the role of the Community Change Agent, the worker act as a change agent to bring structural or/and provisional changes within the community. He plays a significant role in coordinating programs of different agencies to meet the needs of the community. A social worker trying to evaluate the outcomes of a particular intervention practice by analyzing the relevant literature in order to improve its effectiveness. Identification: Researcher Justification: As a Researcher, the social worker evaluates the present intervention techniques and practices in order to alter their outcomes. He analyzes the literature to propose relevant changes in the outcomes of intervention practice. When trying to resolve a dispute on property, the social worker intervenes between two families to settle differences while taking a neutral position. Identification: Mediator Justification: In the role of a Mediator, the worker gets involved into the disputes for dispute resolution. He maintains a neutral position in hearing and resolving the problem from both sides. Q. 2 Solution: a) Identify the significance of sociology for social work discipline. Significance for Social work The subject matter of sociology is significant for the social workers in the following ways: Sociology studies different patterns of interactions of individuals and groups whereas social work focuses on the solutions of the problems of these individuals and groups of the society. An individual’s behaviour is mostly affected by culture, traditions, norms and values. All these factors are an important part of Sociological study. Thus in order to solve the problems having roots in traditions, cultures and norms, social workers try to understand the social roles and expectations of individuals with the help of Sociology. Similarly, with the knowledge of sociology, social work deals with psycho-social problems of individuals and also social processes like cooperation, competition, conflict, accommodation, adaptation, assimilation, adjustment and socialization. b) How Social Pathology could be helpful for social workers during intervention process? Social Pathology is the study of crime, delinquency, suicide, corruption, family disorientation and poverty issues etc. It deals with the cause and effect relationship i.e. it is used to understand social evils and there causes in the society. Therefore, Sociologists show interest in the effects of social evils asserted on the people. Social Work deals with social problems of the people. Social workers tend to solve the issues of individuals mostly been victim of those social evils. In this sense, Social Pathology is closely related to Social Work as both deal with the origins and causes of social evils in the society. Social workers can use the concepts and studies from social pathology in their intervention practice to deal with victims.
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    zaasmiZ
    please post new assignment for solution.
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    zareenZ
    Q.1 Solution: [image: Ym1ilIf.png] Q.2 Solution: [image: VKHp0Al.png]
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