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    zareenZ
    ECO404 Assignment Idea Sol 2019 Case 1: Competition is a subject always open to debate in health care, and pharmaceuticals are no exception. Price competition in the pharmaceuticals supplies industry is growing rapidly in the increasingly price-conscious new millennium. Ferozsons is one of the leading companies in Pakistan maintaining exclusive agreements with a number of international partners for distribution, selling and co-manufacturing of surgical products. During the past year, Ferozsons sold 7 million (700, 000, 0) units of surgical products at a price of $13.50, for total revenues of $85 million. During the current year, sale of units of surgical products have fallen from 7 million (700, 000, 0) units to 4.6 million (460, 000, 0) units following a competitor price cut from $12.95 to $10.50 per unit. Requirement: a. Calculate the arc cross price elasticity of demand for surgical products of Ferozesons. b. Marketing Director of surgical system in Ferozsons, projects that unit sale will recover from 4.6 million (460, 000, 0) units to 5.8 million (580, 000, 0) units if Surgical Systems reduces its own price from $13.50 to $12.50 per unit. Calculate Surgical Systems’ implied arc price elasticity of demand. (Marks: 4+4) Case 2: PEL prides itself on innovative home appliances geared towards the modern consumer. With the start of winter season PEL has announced 2% discount off the average price of refrigerators sold during the month of October in an effort to reduce excess end-of-themodel-year inventory. Customer response was wildly enthusiastic, with unit sales rising by 20% over the previous month’s level. Requirement: a. Calculate the point price elasticity of demand for PEL refrigerators sold during the month of August. b. Calculate the profit-maximizing price per unit if PEL has Rs.30, 600 marginal selling costs. (Marks: 3+4) Answer (A) Arc Price elasticity of demand (responsiveness of demand) formula is % ∆Q/%∆Price = ((Q2-Q1/average quantity)*100)/(p2-p1/average price)*100 Competitive price cut Surgical products of Ferozson,s quantity demand $ 12.95 70,00,000 $10.50 46,00,000 Arc elasticity of demand = (4600000-7000000/5800000)*100 = -2400000/5800000 = -41.37 (10.50-12.95/11.72)*100 = -2.45/11.72 = -20.90 Arc elasticity of demand = -41.37/ -20.90 = 1.97 Note: If price of surgical products of competitive company decreases by 1% then quantity demand of surgical products of Ferozsons will be decrease by 1.97% (B) Price changes in ferozsons quantity demand changes P1 13.50 Q1 4600,000 P2 12.50 Q2 5800,000 Arc price elasticity= ( 5800,000-4600,000/5200000)*100 = 23.07% = (12.50-13.50/13) * 100 = -7.69% Arc price elasticity= 23.07/-7.69 = -3 absolute value is 3 Note: If ferozsons decreases price by 1 % , quantity demand increases by 3 % . If ferozsons decreases price by 10% ,quantity demand will increase by 30%. Case : 2 (A) Pel refrigerators: %∆Q = 20% %∆P= -2% Point Price elasticity of demand = ((Q2-Q1/Q1)*100)/(p2-p1/P1)*100 = .20/-.02 Ped = -10 absolute value is 10 (B) έ= elasticity Marginal cost = 30600 έ = -10 Profit maximizing price = Mc (έ/ έ+1) = Mc/ (1+1/ έ) = 30600 (-10/-10+1 =306001.111111 P = 34000
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    zareenZ
    @zareen said in BIF402 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion: Read the following article (The 5 Most Pressing Ethical Issues in Biotech Medicine; link text
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    zareenZ
    @zareen said in EDU205 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion: your methods for dealing with discipline problems of students Good Suggestions For Improving Discipline Be warm, kind, and friendly–but never familiar. … Have rules that are fair and cover all types of subjects. … Enforce rules fairly and consistently. … Stay in charge. … Raise your eyebrow–never your voice. … Meet students one at a time. … Count to five. … Keep students busy and involved. More items…
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    Fall 2019_CS508_2_SOL-1.rar
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    zareenZ
    Top 18 Shortcut Keys of Illustrator Let’s look at the top 18 Shortcut keys of Illustrator. Create a New Document Use the shortcut Command + N for Mac and Ctrl + N for Windows. This is helpful while trying to create a new document to work on. It leads to the page layout where you can select the appropriate document based on your preference. 2. Pick All The Objects On Layer In Mac, the shortcut key is Option + Click layer and in Windows, it is Alt + Clicks a layer. If you need to select all the components in the layer, all you have to do is hit the option key and choose the required layer. This lets you select all the locked and invisible layers. 3. Hand Tool For Mac and Windows users, the shortcut key is the spacebar. In both the Mac and Windows, holding down the space bar lets you activate the hand tool. You can easily hover across your artboard without affecting your content. However, this option becomes invalid when you are editing texts. Zoom In and Zoom Out Tool In Mac, the shortcut key for zoom is CMD + Spacebar and for Windows, it is Ctrl + Spacebar (A magnifying glass appears with a + symbol). For zoom out, it is CMD + Option + Spacebar for Mac and Ctrl + Alt + Spacebar for Windows (A magnifying glass appears with a – symbol). While you are in the edit mode and need to use the hand tool, make use of the above keyboards respectively based on your device. You can make use of the mouse left click to toggle instantly between zoom in and zoom out of the scene. 5. Swap Selection or Direction Selection Tool Mac shortcut is CMD and Windows shortcut is Ctrl. It is a very useful shortcut and a real time saver that allows swapping between selection and direct selection tool. 6. Move Selected Objects Precisely The shortcut key in Mac is Shift + arrow keys and in Windows, it is Shift + arrow keys. Use this shortcut to precisely move any of your Illustrator elements in a fixed and even distance. 7. Select Multiple Objects The shortcut key available in Mac and Windows is Shift + click. You can choose multiple objects and move them around and add them to a group for further design modifications. 8. Lock Objects in the Layers The shortcut key in Mac is CMD+2, while in Windows it is Ctrl+2. This is an effective method to avoid artworks that hinder your work while working on a complex project with multiple layers. 9. Unlock all the Layer Items Mac shortcut is CMD+Option+2 and for Windows, it is Ctrl+Alt+2. Using this shortcut, you will be able to release all the locked layers at once. Else, you will have to individually scroll through the layer panel for doing so. 10. Clone Objects The shortcut in Mac is Option + drag and in Windows, it is Alt + drag. If you need to duplicate any object, simply use the above shortcut and create copies of the selected object. You can select multiple objects and clone them using this method. 11. Scale Proportionally with the Selection Tool The shortcut Shift+drag bounding box is the same for both Mac and Windows devices. Scale the selected artwork uniformly while preserving the scaling proportion. 12. Eyedropper Tool In Mac and Windows, press I for the shortcut key. This enables you to pick a color from a shape, image or gradient by activating the eyedropper tool. 13. Show/Hide Artboards The shortcut key in Mac is CMD + Shift + H and for Windows, it is Ctrl + Shift + H. The max possible printable area in Illustrator is bound by solid lines enclosing the canvas area. You can show/hide them using the above-mentioned shortcut command. 14. Display/Hide Artboard Rulers The shortcut in Mac is Cmd + R and in Windows it is Ctrl+R. Toggle rulers on and off based on your need for aligning artwork. 15. View All Artboards The Mac shortcut key is CMD + Option+ O and the Windows shortcut key is Ctrl+Alt+O. This allows you to view all your artboards simultaneously. 16. Enhance/Reduce Font Size The Mac shortcut is CMD+Shift+< or > and Windows shortcut is Ctrl+Shift+< or >. This is a quick and easy method to alter the font size in your work area. 17. Jump Between Screens The F key is the shortcut in both Mac and Windows systems. It enables the users to view their artwork in multiple screen modes such as normal, full screen along with the menu bar, and in just the full screen. 18. Save for Web and Devices The shortcut for Mac users is CMD + Shift + Opt + S and for Windows users, it is Ctrl + Shift +Alt + S. This shortcut saves the designer from dragging their mouse cursor through multiple options in order to save their file. Bonus Shortcut Keys in a Glance Reff
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    cyberianC
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yiy8fLd6aeg
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    zareenZ
    Solution: Question no. 1: Test the hypothesis that the mean of a normal population with known variance 70 is 31, if a sample of size 13 gave x ̅ = 34. Let the alternative hypothesis be H1: µ > 31, and let α = 0.10. Solution: Formulation of Hypothesis: Ho: µ = 31 H1: µ > 31 Level of Significance: α = 0.10 Test Statistics: z=(x ̅-μ)/(σ⁄√n) Calculation: z=(34-31)/(√70⁄√13) z = 1.29. Critical Region: Reject Ho, if Z > Zα 1.29 > Z0.10 1.29 > 1.28 We reject Ho. Conclusion: Since 1.29 > 1.28 fall in the critical region, so we reject Ho. Questions no. 2: Explain in detail why it is not a good statistical procedure to perform several t-test on pairs of means , when several means are to be compared. Suggest the alternative statistical procedure and also give its assumptions. Solution: Whenever we compare more than two population means, we apply the two-sample t-test to all possible pairwise comparisons of means. For example, if we wish to compare 4 population means, there will be 6 pairs and to test the hypothesis that all four population means are equal, would require six two-sample t-test. This type of multiple two-sample t-test has two disadvantages. First, the procedure is difficult and time consuming and secondly, the level of significance increases as the number of t-test increases. Thus, a series of two-sample t-test is not a good procedure. ANOVA is a technique that measure the variations between the means. Assumptions of ANOVA: 1: Experimental errors are normally distributed. 2: Equal variance between the treatments. 3: Samples are independent.
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    zareenZ
    Q.1 How did infant Pakistan manage to survive economically after independence (1947)? Justify your answer with at least five points. 10 marks Answer: • The history of Pakistan’s economic development highlighted the key role played by the manufacturing sector. Pakistan progressed from its status as a low-income to a lower middle income country and achieved her objective of poverty reduction. For sustainable growth, Pakistan needs to significantly increase national saving and investment rates, achieve budget surpluses for minimizing her domestic and external debt burden, and have political stability to promote a healthy investment climate for domestic and foreign investors, high levels of investment in human capital, and greater openness to international trade and private foreign investment. • In 1948-1951 Pakistan’s economic policy was focussed on solving problems of the day, the integration of large numbers of refugees, questions arising from the development of Indo-Pakistani relations. When Britain devaluated the Pound Sterling and the Indian Rupee followed suit in 1951, Pakistan maintained the value of her Rupee, which resulted in her main export products, to a large part traditionally sold to markets within the British Empire and Commonwealth, becoming more expensive; Pakistan experienced a recession. Pakistan did devaluate her currency in July 1955. • In June 1951 the National Development Plan (NDP) was launched. The partition of British India into India and Pakistan had left the latter with a partially truncated infrastructure; the emphasis of the NDP lay thus in infrastructure projects turning the existing infrastructure into a functioning national one, while securing the food supply and developing the country’s industries. The projects were financed with Colombo Plan credits and other overseas loans. Several hydroelectric dams constructed in the NWFP, as part of the NDP, had both economic and political purpose, as the Pakistani government feared India might divert the headwaters of the main rivers on which Pakistan depended for irrigation. In 1954 construction of a pipeline to transport gas from gas fields in Baluchistan to Pakistan’s industrial centers was begun.A Five Year Development Plan for 1955-1960 was launched. • The government played an important role in the country’s industrialization program. Government’s industrial policy statement issued in April 1948 emphasized particularly manufactured goods based on domestic raw material. Manufacture of cotton textiles for the home market presented attractive opportunities. There was ranging increase in the production of sugar, cigarettes, vegetable ghee, cement and natural gas. In 1947-58 the average annual growth was over 19%. Jute industry was set up in East Pakistan in lete50’s. A large demand for domestic markets was created by imposing import controls and for the early entrants who could charge monopoly prices, profits were very high. High profits, high savings, high investments, and high rates of growth were the main features of the industrial development in the earlier years. • Overall, Pakistan has maintained a fairly healthy and functional economy in the face of several wars, changing demographics, and transfers of power between civilian and military regimes, growing at an impressive rate of 6 percent per annum in the first four decades of its existence. Q. 2 Briefly describe socio-cultural diversity in the Pakistani society. Justify your answer with at least five points. 5 Marks. Answer: • Pakistani society has diverse social and cultural history. After independence society face many cultural domination in different decades of last century. Through globalization, and media activism from nineties, Islamic culture are dominating by Western culture continuously, specifically in Pakistan’s cities areas. Both cultures has a lot of differences in the attitude of religion, beliefs, traditions, values and other ways of life. These changes seriously affect the society, especially the youth of Pakistan. Pakistan is a country of over 165 million people with diverse social, ethnic, linguistic and cultural circumstances. The country came into existence after division of British Indian colony in 1947 on the basis of Islamic identity of people living in this region but different social and ethnic groups have maintained their distinct character. • Mostly language is the basis of ethnicity in Pakistan. Punjabi is the predominant ethnic class which consists of 48% of Pakistan’s population. Sindhis form about 12%, Siriki (a variant of Punjabi) forms 10%, Urdu speaking (Urdu speaking population usually refers itself as Mohajirs as they migrated from India in 1947) 8%, Balochis 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1% and others 8%. Pakistan is predominantly a rural society where over 65.5% of population lives in the rural areas. Agriculture is the main employer of the labour force which employs over 43% of the work force. The culture and social norms of Pakistan are defined by the agrarian nature of society. • Rural to urban migration, necessitated by growing poverty, has given rise to a number of female headed households which is a new phenomenon in rural areas of Punjab because traditionally women have always been treated as inferior to men and not involved in decision making. Due to economic hardships that ordinary people face, the women are economically active and contribute to the household incomes through their work as farm labour and cattle farmers. However like other areas of Pakistan their contribution is hardly acknowledged and they do not have a place in decision making at the household level. • Punjab has a culture of tolerance and friendship which is manifest by its sufi saints and poetry with message of universal love towards mankind irrespective of cast, religion and colour. Sindi culture is quite similar to Punjabis where they have great respect towards fellow human beings. Pushtuns living in the Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (formerly known as the North Western Frontier Province) province trace their roots to Afghanistan. The Pushtuns are bound by their tribal code known as the Pushtun Wali (literally meaning the Pushtun way of life). Pushtun Wali has nine major components i.e. courage, taking revenge, giving shelter, generosity to defeated, self respect, justice, hospitality, tolerance and loyalty. Baluchs live in the Baluchistan province of Pakistan. They have a nomadic culture as barring a few places Baluchistan is a barren area. Water is scarce and the only means of sustenance is sheep and camel raring. Women and men work alike with herds of sheep and goat. • Pakistani culture is as diverse as its people. From people of different religions and places, to diversity in food cuisines, languages and dresses, Pakistan is a home of different cultures and has managed to sustain the variety in a great manner. References: Video Lectures https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cU2SfdHK6HY
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    zareenZ
    Assignment Solution: Scenario No. Identification of sub category of ethical standard (2) Justification (3) 1 HUMAN RELATIONS Conflict of Interest In the given scenario, therapist should not exceed the length of therapy session for his own financial interest. It is about to impair the competence of a profession (Psychologist). 2 HUMAN RELATIONS Unfair Discrimination In the given scenario, psychologists should not engage in unfair discrimination based on gender, age, ethnic group, socio economic class and etc. 3 HUMAN RELATIONS Harassment In the given scenario, therapist should not physically harass the client as it the violation of ethical standard. 4 PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY Use of Confidential Information for Educational or Other Purposes In the given scenario, psychologist should not use the confidential information of the raped clients without taking prior permission to them.
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    zaasmiZ
    @Shahroze-Khan Better or confirm?
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    Hamza NajamH
    @cyberian ok
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    zareenZ
    [image: NL0b1sg.png]
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    zaasmiZ
    @zareen said in MCM311 Quiz 2 Solution and Discussion: [image: bG4kANA.png] In news writing and journalistic style (such as AP Style), the standard rule for using numbers is: 10 to 999 (Specifically, the second option: 10 to 999) The General Rule: Numbers 1–9: Should be spelled out as words (one, two, three…). Numbers 10 and above: Should be written as numerals/digits (10, 11, 25…). Large Numbers: For numbers in the thousands or millions, you continue using digits (e.g., 1,200), but often switch back to a mix of digits and words for very large, round numbers (e.g., 5 million) to ensure readability. Actually, there is a slight misunderstanding in how the question is phrased. The answer depends on whether the question is asking which numbers are spelled out or which are written as digits. Based on standard journalistic style (like AP Style): Numbers 1 through 9: Are spelled out (one, two, three…). Numbers 10 and above: Are written in digits (10, 11, 99…). So, if the question asks which numbers should be mentioned in digits, the correct range is 10 to 999 (or any number 10+). If you select “1 to 9,” you are identifying the numbers that are typically spelled out as words, not the ones written as digits. Therefore, for “Numbers should be mentioned in digits from,” the correct option is 10 to 999.
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    zareenZ
    [image: nVFrDPH.png]
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    @zareen said in PSY515 Assignment 1 Solution and Discussion: in Here’s an analysis of the levels of culture for each example, with justifications for the identified levels: Sr. No. Example Identification (Level of Culture) Justification 1 A society pertaining to flags, logos, and colors as well as sound, including national anthems and musical styles. Symbolic Level This example reflects the symbolic level because flags, logos, anthems, and music are external symbols that represent a nation’s identity. Symbols are a visible aspect of culture and are used to express and reinforce a shared cultural identity within a society. 2 Every culture varies with respect to language, regional, political, and economic aspects. Such as Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, etc., are languages usually associated with Pakistan. Language Level (Part of Regional/Subcultural Level) This example represents the language level within the broader regional or subcultural level. Language is a key marker of cultural and regional identity, reflecting variations within a country’s cultural groups. Pakistani culture includes linguistic diversity, marking distinct subcultures within the national culture. 3 Gender differences in terms of emotional stability, such as women are considered to be more sensitive compared to men. Gender/Social Norms Level This reflects the social norms or gender-based cultural beliefs that shape attitudes toward emotional expression. These norms, while socially constructed, influence perceptions and behaviors according to gender roles, making it a part of the culture related to gender expectations. 4 Generation gap in using the latest technology, such as mobile phones, laptops, and smart TVs, among grandparents, parents, and children. Generational Level This example illustrates generational differences, as each generation often has distinct attitudes, experiences, and comfort levels with technology. This reflects cultural shifts over time, where newer generations adopt technologies faster, forming a unique level within the cultural fabric. 5 A person’s social setup varies with respect to wealth, income, education, occupation, and social network. Social Class Level This reflects the social class level of culture, where wealth, income, education, and social connections define different strata within society. Social class influences opportunities, access, and lifestyle, marking distinctions in behavior and identity within the broader culture. Each example represents a unique layer of culture, capturing both visible and invisible aspects that shape individual and group identity within a society.
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