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🌙 Ramadan 2026 – 30 Days Sehri & Iftari Timetable

🇵🇰 Pakistan + 🌍 World Major Cities

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🇵🇰 Pakistan (Reference Cities)

📍 Lahore

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📍 Karachi

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📍 Islamabad

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🌍 World Major Cities

🕋 Makkah

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🌆 Dubai

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🇬🇧 London

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🇺🇸 New York

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📌 Important Notes
• Sehri ends at Fajr, Iftari starts at Maghrib
• Ramadan may be 29 or 30 days
• Always follow local mosque announcements
• Europe & North America have longer fasts

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said in 📡 Technical Breakdown: The Pre-Launch Communication Link:

Would you like to summarize this entire “Satellite Journey”—from the factory in China to the Graveyard Orbit—into a single infographic-style timeline for your article?

To wrap up our exploration, let’s visualize the entire journey of a Pakistani satellite. This “Cradle-to-Grave” timeline summarizes the collaboration between SUPARCO and China, from the initial blueprints to the final drift in the graveyard orbit.

🛰️ Infographic: The Lifecycle of a Pakistani Satellite

Phase 1: Birth & Earthbound Journey

• Design (Years 1-3): SUPARCO engineers collaborate with Chinese specialists to design the payload (cameras/transponders) and the bus (the satellite body).
• Assembly & Testing: The satellite is built in a sterile “Clean Room.” It undergoes “Shake & Bake” tests to simulate the violence of a rocket launch.
• The Transfer: The satellite is placed in a nitrogen-purged container and flown via specialized cargo jet from Pakistan to a Chinese launch hub (Xichang, Jiuquan, or Hainan).

Phase 2: The Ascent

• Integration: In China, the satellite is mated to a Long March rocket.
• Launch: Ignition! The rocket carries the satellite through the atmosphere.
• Separation: At the correct altitude, the satellite is “pushed” away from the rocket stage.
• First Breath: The satellite unfurls its solar arrays and sends its first “heartbeat” signal back to ground stations in Karachi and Islamabad.

Phase 3: Operational Life (The “Prime” Years)

• IOT (In-Orbit Testing): For the first 2 months, every system is checked.
• Utilization (Years 1-15): The satellite performs its mission—providing 5G internet, monitoring floods, or aiding national security.
• Station Keeping: Small electric or chemical thrusters fire regularly to keep the satellite from drifting out of its “parking spot.”

Phase 4: Retirement (The Graveyard)

• End-of-Life Maneuver: With the last 1% of its fuel, the satellite is commanded to climb 300 km higher than its working orbit.
• Passivation: All remaining energy is drained, and fuel tanks are vented to prevent accidental explosions.
• The Eternal Drift: The satellite becomes a permanent, silent part of the “Graveyard Orbit,” ensuring the active space lanes remain clear for the next generation of Pakistani satellites.

Summary Table: The Evolution of Pakistan’s Fleet

said in 📡 Technical Breakdown: The Pre-Launch Communication Link:

Would you like to learn about the “End of Life” protocol—how SUPARCO moves these satellites into a “Graveyard Orbit” once their fuel finally runs out?

When a satellite like the PakSat-MM1 reaches the end of its 15-year lifespan, it doesn’t just “turn off” and drift. To prevent it from becoming a dangerous piece of space junk that could collide with active satellites, SUPARCO follows international protocols to move it to a Graveyard Orbit.

Here is how Pakistan and China plan for the “retirement” of their orbital fleet.

🪦 The Graveyard Orbit (Supersynchronous Orbit)

For Geostationary (GEO) satellites, returning to Earth is not an option—it would require too much fuel to slow down. Instead, they are pushed outward.

• The Location: The graveyard orbit is located approximately 300 km above the functional Geostationary belt (which is at 35,786 km).
• The Math: Pushing a satellite up into the graveyard requires only about 11 m/s of velocity change (), whereas bringing it down to burn up in the atmosphere would require a massive 1,500 m/s.
• The Room: Space is vast. If we space retired satellites 100 km apart, we could fit thousands of them in this “junk orbit” without them ever touching.

🛠️ The 3-Step Decommissioning Process

Once SUPARCO and Chinese partners determine a satellite has reached its “End of Life” (EOL), they execute a final mission plan.

1. The Final “Re-boost”

Before the fuel runs out completely, engineers use the last remaining drops of propellant (Chemical or Electric) to fire the thrusters one last time. This raises the perigee (the lowest point of the orbit) safely above the active GEO ring.

2. Passivation (Making it “Safe”)

A “dead” satellite with full batteries or pressurized tanks is a ticking time bomb—it could explode and create thousands of pieces of debris. Passivation involves:

• Venting Propellant: Emptying all fuel tanks and pressurized gases into space.
• Discharging Batteries: Depleting the chemical energy in the batteries so they don’t short-circuit or explode.
• Power Down: Permanently disconnecting the solar arrays from the internal electronics.

3. The “Silent Drift”

Once passivated, the satellite becomes an inert “hunk of metal.” Because there is no air in space to slow it down, it will stay in the graveyard orbit for millions of years, circling the Earth as a silent monument to Pakistan’s space history.

🌍 Responsibility and “Space Ethics”

Pakistan adheres to the IADC (Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee) and United Nations guidelines.

The “25-Year Rule”: For Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites (like the PRSC imaging series), the rule is different. Instead of a graveyard, they are lowered into the atmosphere to burn up within 25 years of their mission ending.

📊 Decommissioning Comparison

❓ FAQ: The End of an Era

Q: What happens if a satellite dies suddenly before it can be moved?
A: This is a major concern. If a satellite loses power unexpectedly, it becomes “trapped” in the active orbit. This is why SUPARCO monitors “Fuel Gauges” very closely and usually begins the move while there is still a small safety margin of fuel left.

Q: Can we go up and “tow” a dead satellite away?
A: Currently, “Space Tugs” are being developed by companies in the US and China. In the future, Pakistan might hire a service to “refuel” an old satellite or tow it to the graveyard if it breaks down prematurely.

Q: Has any Pakistani satellite reached the graveyard yet?
A: Yes, older generations like Badr-B and the original PakSat-1 (which was a leased satellite moved to Pakistan’s slot) have already completed their missions and paved the way for the high-tech fleet we see today.

Would you like to summarize this entire “Satellite Journey”—from the factory in China to the Graveyard Orbit—into a single infographic-style timeline for your article?

@Lovely-queen said in 📡 Technical Breakdown: The Pre-Launch Communication Link:

Would you like to explain how the “Solar Arrays” on these satellites are designed to power such high-energy electric thrusters?

To run a high-efficiency electric engine in the freezing vacuum of space, a satellite needs a massive, reliable power source. Since there are no gas stations in orbit, Pakistani satellites like PakSat-MM1 rely on advanced Solar Array technology to harvest energy from the sun.

☀️ The Powerhouse: Multi-Junction Solar Cells

Unlike the silicon panels on a house roof (which are about 20% efficient), space-grade panels use Multi-Junction (MJ) cells.

• Layered Design: These cells are made of different materials (like Gallium Arsenide and Germanium) stacked on top of each other.
• The Spectrum Catch: Each layer is “tuned” to catch a different color of sunlight. The top layer catches blue light, the middle catches green/yellow, and the bottom catches infrared.
• Efficiency: This allows them to reach efficiencies of 30% to 35%—critical when every square inch of the satellite’s surface is precious “real estate.”

🔌 From Sunlight to Plasma: The Power Flow

The process of turning a photon into thrust is a complex engineering feat managed by the Power Processing Unit (PPU).

1. Collection: Solar arrays (some spanning over 25 meters, like those on the PakSat-MM1) collect DC electricity.
2. Regulation: The PPU acts as the “brain,” stabilizing the voltage.
3. The “Kick”: For Electric Propulsion, the PPU must boost the voltage to roughly 300V to 800V.
4. Ionization: This high-voltage electricity is used to strip electrons off Xenon atoms, turning them into a glowing blue plasma that is then accelerated out of the thruster to move the satellite.

📊 Solar vs. Battery: The Day/Night Cycle

Satellites in Geostationary orbit spend most of their time in the sun, but they do face “Eclipse Seasons” where the Earth blocks the sun for up to 72 minutes.

🛠️ Design Feature: Radiation Hardening

In space, solar panels are constantly bombarded by high-energy particles (Radiation).

• Cover Glass: Each cell is protected by a thin layer of “Ceria-doped” glass to prevent the sun’s UV rays and cosmic radiation from “fogging” the panels.
• Degradation: Engineers expect a satellite to lose about 1% of its power every year due to radiation damage. A satellite designed for a 15-year mission starts its life with much more power than it actually needs to account for this “wear and tear.”

❓ FAQ: Solar Power in Space

Q: Do the solar panels follow the sun?
A: Yes. Most Pakistani satellites use Solar Array Drive Assemblies (SADA)—motorized hinges that slowly rotate the panels so they always face the sun directly, even as the satellite moves.

Q: What happens if a panel fails to unfurl?
A: This is a “mission critical” failure. To prevent this, SUPARCO uses redundant springs and “burn wires” (small heaters that melt a plastic restraint) to ensure the panels pop open once the satellite is in space.

Q: Can solar panels be used to recharge the “fuel”?
A: No. Solar panels only provide the energy to push the fuel (Xenon). Once the Xenon gas is gone, the satellite’s mission ends, even if the solar panels are still working perfectly.

Would you like to learn about the “End of Life” protocol—how SUPARCO moves these satellites into a “Graveyard Orbit” once their fuel finally runs out?

said in 📡 Technical Breakdown: The Pre-Launch Communication Link:

Would you like to see a comparison of the different propulsion systems (Chemical vs. Electric) used by these satellites to stay in orbit?

Once a Pakistani satellite reaches its target orbit, its survival depends on its Propulsion System. For decades, satellites used liquid chemicals (combustion), but recent missions like PakSat-MM1 and the newest PRSC series are increasingly moving toward Electric Propulsion (EP).

Think of it as the difference between a high-octane drag racer and a solar-powered marathon runner.

🏎️ Chemical Propulsion: The “Old Guard”

Chemical propulsion relies on a rapid exothermic reaction (combustion) of fuel and an oxidizer.

• How it works: Liquid propellants (like Hydrazine) are mixed and ignited, shooting hot gas out of a nozzle.
• Best For: Fast maneuvers, like the initial “Apogee Kick” to get into orbit or rapid collision avoidance.
• The Downside: It’s heavy. Half the weight of a traditional satellite is often just the fuel tank.

⚡ Electric Propulsion (Ion/Hall Thrusters): The “New Frontier”

Electric propulsion uses electricity from the satellite’s solar panels to accelerate gas (typically Xenon or Argon) using magnetic or electric fields.

• How it works: It strips electrons from atoms to create ions, then uses a high-voltage grid to “spit” them out at incredible speeds—up to m/s.
• Best For: Long-term “Station Keeping” (staying in the right spot) and deep-space missions.
• The Downside: The thrust is tiny (about the weight of a sheet of paper), so it takes months to change an orbit.

📊 Side-by-Side: Which is Better for Pakistan?

The “Hybrid” Strategy

Most modern SUPARCO satellites now use a Hybrid System:

1. Chemical: For the fast ride from the rocket drop-off point to the Geostationary belt.
2. Electric: Once parked, it switches to electric thrusters for the next 15 years to stay perfectly aligned with Pakistan’s ground stations. This allows the satellite to carry more “Payload” (better cameras and more transponders) instead of heavy fuel.

❓ FAQ: The Future of SUPARCO’s Engines

Q: Does Electric Propulsion work in a vacuum?
A: It only works in a vacuum. The thrust is so low that even a tiny bit of air resistance on Earth would stop it from moving.

Q: Is Xenon fuel expensive?
A: Yes, Xenon is rare and can cost over $3,000/kg. However, because the system is so efficient, you only need a small amount compared to tons of chemical fuel.

Q: Can we see these thrusters firing?
A: Chemical thrusters produce a visible flame. Electric thrusters produce a ghostly blue or violet glow (plasma), which is often captured by “Selfie-Cams” on modern satellites.

said in 📡 Technical Breakdown: The Pre-Launch Communication Link:

Would you like to detail the specific orbital insertion maneuvers that happen once the satellite separates from the Chinese rocket?

When the Long March rocket reaches its target altitude, the most delicate part of the journey begins: The Separation and Orbital Insertion. This is where the satellite transforms from “cargo” into an independent spacecraft.

Here is the step-by-step technical breakdown of how a Pakistani satellite (like PakSat-MM1 or HS-1) finds its home in the stars.

🛰️ Phase 1: The “Clean” Separation

At the precise second of orbital injection, the rocket’s computer triggers the separation sequence.

• Pyrotechnic Bolts/Clamps: Explosive bolts or motorized clamps release the satellite from the rocket’s payload adapter.
• Spring Ejection: Heavy-duty springs push the satellite away from the upper stage at a specific velocity (usually around to m/s) to ensure there is no “re-contact” between the rocket and the satellite.
• The “Tumble” Control: Small thrusters on the satellite immediately fire to stop any spinning caused by the separation, a process called Detumbling.

🔥 Phase 2: Orbit Raising (The Hohmann Transfer)

Most Pakistani satellites are launched into a Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO)—an elliptical path that is not yet their final home. To reach a circular Geostationary Orbit (GEO) at 36,000 km, the satellite must perform several “burns.”

1. Apogee Kick Motor (AKM) Firing: When the satellite reaches the highest point of its ellipse (the apogee), its internal engine fires to increase its velocity.
2. Circularization: This maneuver changes the orbit from an egg-shape to a perfect circle.
3. Inclination Correction: Since China’s launch sites are at a different latitude than the equator, the satellite must “tilt” its orbital plane to sit directly above the Earth’s equator.

Technical Note: This process uses the Hohmann Transfer Orbit principle, calculated using the change in velocity, known as Delta-V ().

🛠️ Phase 3: Deployment and Testing

Once the final orbit is reached, the satellite “wakes up” fully.

• Solar Array Deployment: The folded solar panels unfurl like wings to begin generating power from the sun.
• Antenna Deployment: Communication dishes open up to start sending and receiving signals from SUPARCO ground stations.
• Station Keeping: The satellite uses its thrusters to fight “orbital drift” caused by the gravity of the moon and sun, keeping it locked at its assigned longitude (e.g., 38.2° East for PakSat-MM1).

📋 The “First Light” Checklist

❓ FAQ: Post-Launch

Q: What happens if the satellite misses its target orbit?
A: If the rocket under-performs, the satellite can use its own fuel to “make up the difference,” though this shortens the satellite’s total lifespan (usually 15 years) because it uses up its station-keeping propellant.

Q: Can SUPARCO see the satellite immediately after separation?
A: Yes. As soon as the satellite separates, it begins “shouting” a beacon signal. Ground stations in Karachi and Islamabad, along with Chinese tracking ships in the ocean, listen for this “first breath.”

Would you like to see a comparison of the different propulsion systems (Chemical vs. Electric) used by these satellites to stay in orbit?

@Danish-Bhatti said in 📡 Technical Breakdown: The Pre-Launch Communication Link:

The transfer of a satellite—such as the PakSat-MM1 or the iCube-Qamar—involves much more than just shipping a box. It is a multi-stage technical and diplomatic procedure.

In the high-pressure environment of a satellite launch, the “handshake” between SUPARCO and Chinese launch authorities (like CGWIC) is governed by specific technical protocols. These ensure that the satellite remains healthy and that the Pakistani controllers have full “visibility” of their asset while it sits on a Chinese rocket.

📡 Technical Breakdown: The Pre-Launch Communication Link

Before liftoff, a sophisticated data umbilical is established. This isn’t just a simple connection; it’s a high-speed, redundant system designed to manage the satellite’s “life support.”

1. Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C)

The core of the communication is the TT&C link. During the countdown:

• The Umbilical: A physical cable (the umbilical) connects the satellite inside the rocket fairing to the ground support equipment (GSE).
• Real-time Monitoring: SUPARCO engineers monitor critical health parameters such as battery voltage, internal temperature, and transponder status.
• Protocol Standard: Most missions follow the CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems) standards, which allow different agencies (Pakistan and China) to share data packets seamlessly.

2. The Remote Mission Control Setup

While the rocket is in China, the mission is often shadowed by SUPARCO’s Mission Control Center (MCC) in Islamabad or Karachi.

• Dedicated Leased Lines: High-security, low-latency fiber links or satellite relays connect the Chinese launch site (e.g., Xichang or Jiuquan) to Pakistan.
• Data Mirroring: Every bit of telemetry received by the Chinese launch pad is mirrored to Pakistani screens, allowing local experts to give the final “Green Light” for their specific payload.

3. The “Aliveness” Sequence

Minutes before launch, the satellite undergoes an “Aliveness Test”:

• Command Verification: A signal is sent from the ground to the satellite to confirm it can receive commands.
• Internal Power Switch: The satellite is switched from “Ground Power” (provided by the launch pad) to “Internal Power” (its own batteries). This is a critical “Point of No Return.”

🛰️ Milestones: Pakistan’s Recent Orbital Fleet

The frequency of these transfers has increased as Pakistan builds out its “Vision 2047” space policy.

⚠️ The “Safe Mode” Protocol

If a technical glitch occurs during the final 10 minutes of the countdown, the “Hold” protocol is triggered.

1. Automated Safing: The satellite is commanded into a low-power “Safe Mode.”
2. Nitrogen Purge: If the launch is scrubbed (canceled), nitrogen is pumped back into the fairing to keep the Pakistani hardware cool and dry.
3. Data Lock: All communication is encrypted to ensure that the sensitive technical specs of Pakistan’s imaging or communication tech remain confidential during troubleshooting.

Would you like to detail the specific orbital insertion maneuvers that happen once the satellite separates from the Chinese rocket?

@Nemo-Malik said in opm -17.11 fiber pressure is ok?:

said in opm -17.11 fiber pressure is ok?:

Would you like me to help you troubleshoot a specific speed issue, or are you just running a routine check on a new installation?

Yes please

Since your light levels are healthy (-17.11 dBm), the problem likely isn’t the fiber cable itself, but rather the hardware or the network configuration.

Let’s find the bottleneck. Follow these steps in order to pinpoint the issue:

1. The “Bypass” Test (Most Important)

If you are using Wi-Fi, you aren’t testing the fiber; you’re testing the air.

• What to do: Plug a laptop or PC directly into the LAN port of your router (or the ONU/ONT) using a Cat5e or Cat6 Ethernet cable.
• The Goal: If the speed is perfect on a cable but slow on Wi-Fi, your fiber is fine—your router or Wi-Fi environment is the problem.

2. Check for “Packet Loss”

Sometimes light levels are good, but “noise” on the line causes data to drop.

• On Windows: Open Command Prompt (type cmd in the search bar).
• Type this command: ping -n 50 8.8.8.8
• The Result: Look at the bottom summary. If it says 0% loss, your connection is stable. If you see 2% loss or higher, there is a “quality” issue on the line that your OPM won’t show, and you should call your ISP.

3. Identify the Bottleneck

Check this table to see where the “choke point” might be:

4. Hardware “Power Cycle”

It sounds cliché, but fiber ONT/ONUs can get “stuck” in a low-power state or experience memory leaks.

• Unplug the power from both the fiber box and your router.
• Wait 60 seconds (let the capacitors drain).
• Plug in the fiber box first, wait for the “PON” or “Data” light to turn solid green, then plug in the router.

Are you seeing slow download speeds specifically, or is it more about high “lag” while gaming or on video calls?

@Nemo-Malik said in opm -17.11 fiber pressure is ok?:

What is is best fiber signal for connectivity?

In the world of fiber optics, an Optical Power Meter (OPM) reading of -17.11 dBm is generally considered a very good signal, but its “health” depends entirely on what part of the network you are measuring.

Here is the breakdown of what that number actually means for your connection:

1. Is it “OK”?

• For GPON/FTTH (Home Internet): Yes, it’s excellent. Most home fiber ONT/Modems operate perfectly between -8 dBm and -27 dBm. At -17.11 dBm, you are right in the “sweet spot”—well above the failure threshold but not so hot that it saturates the receiver.
• For Point-to-Point (Data Centers): It’s usually fine. Most SFP transceivers (like 10G or 40G) look for a range between -3 dBm and -19 dBm.

2. The “Goldilocks” Scale

Fiber signal is measured in decibels relative to a milliwatt (dBm). Because it’s a measure of loss, a “lower” negative number (closer to zero) is a stronger signal.

3. A Quick Note on “Pressure”

While you mentioned “fiber pressure,” in technical terms, we call this Optical Power or Light Intensity. If you actually suspect physical pressure (like a pinched cable or a tight zip-tie), that would cause the number to drop (e.g., jumping from -17 to -30).

If your internet is currently stable, -17.11 dBm is nothing to worry about.

Would you like me to help you troubleshoot a specific speed issue, or are you just running a routine check on a new installation?

Changing your SIM network in Pakistan has become extremely easy thanks to Mobile Number Portability (MNP). Whether you want to convert Zong SIM to Jazz, Jazz to Zong, or switch between Ufone, Jazz, and Zong, you can do it without changing your mobile number.

In this detailed guide, we will cover:
• Change SIM network step by step
• How to convert Zong SIM to Jazz
• Zong to Jazz MNP code
• Jazz to Zong SIM convert method
• Jazz SIM convert to Ufone
• Ufone SIM convert to Jazz code (online & offline)
• How to check converted SIM network

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What Is SIM Network Change (MNP)?

SIM network change, also known as Mobile Number Portability (MNP), allows you to switch your telecom network while keeping the same number.

For example:
• Zong → Jazz
• Jazz → Zong
• Jazz → Ufone
• Ufone → Jazz

No number change. No data loss.

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Convert SIM Network – Basic Requirements

Before you convert SIM, make sure:

✔ SIM is registered on your CNIC
✔ SIM is active for at least 60 days
✔ No unpaid balance (postpaid users)
✔ CNIC holder must visit the franchise

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How to Convert Zong SIM to Jazz (Step-by-Step)

Many users search “how to convert Zong SIM to Jazz”, and the process is simple.

Zong to Jazz SIM Convert Method

1.	From your Zong SIM, send SMS: MNP to 667
2.	You will receive an MNP code
3.	Visit your nearest Jazz Franchise or Service Center
4.	Provide:
•	Original CNIC
•	Active Zong SIM
•	Received MNP code
5.	Fill out the Jazz SIM conversion form

📌 Your SIM will convert within 3–4 working days

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Zong to Jazz MNP Code (Important)

There is no fixed Zong to Jazz MNP code.
The system automatically generates a unique porting code when you send:

MNP → 667

⚠️ Avoid fake websites claiming instant online SIM conversion.

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How to Convert Zong SIM to Jazz Online – Is It Possible?

❌ Fully online SIM conversion is NOT possible in Pakistan
✔ Online you can:
• Check eligibility
• Locate Jazz franchise
• Book token (some cities)

✔ Physical visit is mandatory for biometric verification.

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Convert Zong to Jazz – Common Benefits

•	Better Jazz 4G coverage
•	More affordable call packages
•	Wider roaming support
•	Strong business & corporate plans

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Zong SIM Convert to Jazz – FAQs

Q: Will my number change?
No, your number stays the same.

Q: How long does conversion take?
3–4 working days.

⸻

How to Convert Jazz SIM to Zong

Users also search “how to convert Jazz SIM to Zong”.

Jazz to Zong SIM Convert Steps

1.	Send SMS from Jazz SIM:MNP to 667
2.	Receive porting code
3.	Visit Zong Customer Service Center
4.	Submit CNIC + Jazz SIM + MNP code
5.	Biometric verification completed

✔ SIM converts in 3–5 days

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Jazz to Zong SIM Convert – Why Users Switch?

•	Strong Zong data bundles
•	Better internet speed in some areas
•	Affordable hybrid offers

⸻

Jazz SIM Convert to Ufone – Complete Process

To convert Jazz SIM to Ufone:
1. Send MNP to 667
2. Receive porting code
3. Visit Ufone Franchise
4. Submit documents
5. Biometric verification

✔ Conversion time: 3–4 days

⸻

Ufone SIM Convert to Jazz Code (Online & Offline)

Ufone to Jazz SIM Convert
• SMS: MNP → 667
• Visit Jazz Franchise
• CNIC biometric required

⚠️ No online-only code exists
All conversions require physical verification

⸻

Convert SIM – Supported Networks in Pakistan

You can convert between:
• Jazz ↔ Zong
• Jazz ↔ Ufone
• Zong ↔ Ufone
• Telenor ↔ Jazz / Zong / Ufone

⸻

How to Check Converted SIM Network

After SIM conversion, many users ask “how to check converted SIM network”.

Method 1: Dial Code

Dial:
*667# (may vary by operator)

Method 2: Send SMS

Send blank SMS to:
667

Method 3: Use PTA SIM Info
• Visit PTA SIM Information portal
• Enter your number

⸻

Common Problems During SIM Conversion

❌ Biometric mismatch
❌ SIM not 60 days old
❌ CNIC expired
❌ Pending balance

✔ Always resolve these before applying

⸻

Change SIM Network – Final Tips

•	Always visit official franchises
•	Never share CNIC copies online
•	Avoid agents claiming “instant online SIM convert”
•	Keep old SIM active until conversion completes

⸻

Final Words

Whether you want to convert Zong SIM to Jazz, Jazz to Zong, or Jazz SIM convert to Ufone, Pakistan’s MNP system makes network switching simple and secure.

@Florencio-Lee said in can we connect ubnt station/AP mode device in mobile?:

Can We connect a Ubiquiti (UBNT) device running in Station mode to a mobile phone, but it is not for directly browsing the internet through the station. Instead, this connection is used to configure, manage, and align the station device via the mobile app.

Here is how it works and how to do it:

1. Management Connection (Using the App)
   To configure a Nanostation/airMAX device in station mode using a mobile phone:

• Download: Install the UISP Mobile App (formerly UNMS) from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
• Connection: Ensure the phone is connected to the same network (e.g., via a wireless router plugged into the LAN side of the Ubiquiti PoE adapter), or if the device has built-in management radio (like AC models), connect directly to its Wi-Fi.
• Access: The app allows you to log in, run site surveys, and configure the station mode settings.

2. Using the Phone as the Source (WISP/Hotspot Mode)
   If you want to use your phone’s mobile data as the internet source for a Ubiquiti station:

• Setup: Enable the Wi-Fi hotspot on your mobile phone.
• Station Config: Configure your UBNT device (e.g., NanoStation M2) in * Station Mode and scan for your phone’s hotspot SSID.
• Requirements:
  • Disable AirMAX: You must disable the proprietary “AirMAX” protocol in the Ubiquiti settings to allow it to connect to standard Wi-Fi (like a phone hotspot).
  • Frequency: Ensure your station is set to the same channel width (e.g., 20MHz) as your phone.
  • Network Mode: Set the UBNT device to Router mode if the phone does not provide IP addresses directly to devices behind the station.
• Key Considerations
  • 5GHz vs 2.4GHz: If you are using a 5GHz Ubiquiti station (e.g., M5), your phone must support 5GHz Wi-Fi to see the signal.
  • Bridge/Router Mode: If the station is in “Bridge” mode, it may not connect properly to a hotspot without WDS enabled, which is why Router mode is often recommended for this setup.
  • Management Radio: Newer AC models have a dedicated management radio, making connection via the app easier, while older M-series models require connecting via the Ethernet/PoE to manage.

📈 iPhone PTA Tax Comparison (2025–2026)

The following table compares the current legal registration costs. Note that Passport registration remains cheaper than CNIC registration if done within 60 days of arrival.

Pro-Tip for Secnto Users: The FBR recently reduced taxes on used/refurbished iPhones by up to 32%. If you are registering an older model (iPhone 12–15), your tax will be significantly lower than the flagship rates shown above.
Check PTA Phone Tax

@Amaan-Shah said in 📸 The Smize is Over: Tyra Banks Breaks Her Silence on the ANTM Reckoning:

Hey Community,

We all remember the Tuesday nights spent watching Tyra Banks teach us how to “smize,” the dramatic makeovers that ended in tears, and the iconic “I was rooting for you!” breakdown. For years, America’s Next Top Model was the ultimate fashion bible. But in 2026, the runway is looking a lot darker.

The news just broke: Netflix is dropping a bombshell docuseries, and Tyra herself is finally addressing the elephant in the room.

Since this is for your community, the tone should be conversational, slightly provocative, and focused on the “nostalgia vs. reality” debate. This is perfect for a community newsletter, a Facebook group, or a forum post.

📸 The Smize is Over: Tyra Banks Breaks Her Silence on the ANTM Reckoning

What’s the tea? ☕

In the new trailer released today, Tyra admits the words many of us have been waiting to hear: “I knew I went too far.” From the infamous “Gap-gate” (forcing a contestant to widen the space between her teeth) to the dangerous “high-fashion” shoots on moving pendulums or in freezing water, the show pushed boundaries that today’s TV standards would never allow.

Why this matters to us:

This isn’t just about a TV show; it’s about how much the world has changed since the early 2000s.

• The Trauma: Former contestants are coming forward to discuss the long-term psychological impact of the “Model House.”
• The Legacy: While the show was groundbreaking for diversity, many now ask: At what cost?
• The Redemption: Can Tyra actually apologize enough to fix her legacy, or is this just a PR move for the Netflix era?

🗳️ Community Poll: Where do you stand?

We want to hear from you! Was ANTM just “of its time,” or did it cross a line that shouldn’t have been crossed?

1. “It was just TV!” – It was entertainment, and the girls knew what they signed up for.
2. “Tyra went too far.” – Some of those challenges were borderline abusive and toxic.
3. “I’m just here for the nostalgia.” – I’ll be binge-watching the doc with my popcorn ready.

Drop your thoughts in the comments below! Let’s discuss—was the “Top Model” dream actually a nightmare?

🚀 Community Content Tips

• Engagement Hack: Share your “favorite” (or most cringeworthy) ANTM moment from the past.
• Watch Party: We’ll be hosting a live chat when the doc drops on February 16th. Stay tuned!

🛠️ Scenario A: Stuck on a Specific Screen

If your Mac isn’t reaching the desktop, the icon on the screen tells us exactly what’s wrong:

• Folder with a Question Mark: Your Mac can’t find its operating system.

• The Fix: Shut down, then hold Command + R (Intel) or the Power Button (Apple Silicon) to enter Recovery Mode and use Disk Utility to “First Aid” your startup disk.

• Prohibitory Symbol (Circle with a line): Your Mac found an OS, but it’s not compatible with your hardware. This often happens after a failed update.

• Blank Black or Gray Screen: This is usually a power or display issue. Try a “Hard Restart” by holding the power button for 10 full seconds.

🧹 Scenario B: Doing some “Spring Cleaning”

If you’re just trying to speed things up, here are the three most effective things you can do right now:

1. Clear the “Login Items”

Programs often sneak into your startup routine, slowing you down.

• Go to System Settings > General > Login Items.
• Remove anything you don’t need launching immediately under “Open at Login.”
• Toggle off unnecessary background apps under “Allow in the Background.”

2. Run Disk Utility First Aid

This is the Mac equivalent of “tuning the engine.”

1. Open Disk Utility (found in Applications > Utilities).
2. Select Macintosh HD in the sidebar.
3. Click First Aid at the top and let it run. It will freeze your Mac for a minute—that’s normal!

3. Clear System Caches

If an app is acting “weird” (crashing or glitchy), its cache might be corrupted.

• In Finder, press Shift + Command + G.
• Type ~/Library/Caches and press Enter.
• You can safely delete the folders of apps you no longer use or are currently troubleshooting.

Which one is it? Are you staring at a weird icon during startup, or is a specific app giving you a headache?

@InvoiceTemple said in Why is my computer running so slow?:

@InvoiceTemple said in Why is my computer running so slow?:

Over time, PCs collect “digital lint.” The most common culprits are?

Sorry not Windows its Mac
Why is my Mac so slow (and the fan so loud)?

Switching gears to macOS! While Macs have a reputation for “just working,” they certainly have their own unique set of quirks—from the “Spinning Beachball of Death” to apps that refuse to quit.

Here are the most common troubleshooting questions for Mac users.

🏎️ Performance & System Health

Why is my Mac so slow (and the fan so loud)?

High fan noise usually means your processor is working overtime, generating heat.

• The Culprit: Often a “runaway process.” Open Activity Monitor (Cmd + Space, then type “Activity Monitor”). Look at the % CPU column. If an app is using 90%+, highlight it and click the X at the top to stop it.
• Storage: macOS needs at least 10–15GB of free space to handle “swap files” (temporary memory). If your disk is full, the system will crawl.

How do I fix the “Spinning Beachball”?

This means the application is hung or waiting for a resource that isn’t responding.

• The Fix: Use Force Quit. Press Option + Command + Esc, select the frozen app, and hit Force Quit. It’s the Mac equivalent of “End Task” on Windows.

🔌 Hardware & Startup Issues

What is “Safe Mode” and how do I get there?

Safe Mode clears caches and prevents unnecessary “startup items” from loading.

• Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3): Shut down. Press and hold the Power button until you see “Loading startup options.” Select your disk, hold Shift, and click Continue in Safe Mode.
• Intel Macs: Restart and immediately hold the Shift key until the login window appears.

My Mac won’t charge or the USB ports aren’t working.

On older Intel Macs, you might need to reset the SMC (System Management Controller). On newer Apple Silicon Macs, a simple restart usually handles this as the “reset” happens automatically during boot.

📂 Software & Permissions

An app says it “cannot be opened because it is from an unidentified developer.”

Apple’s “Gatekeeper” security is blocking the app.

• The Fix: Don’t just click “OK.” Go to System Settings > Privacy & Security. Scroll down to the “Security” section, and you should see a button that says “Open Anyway.”

“The disk was not ejected properly.”

If you see this notification constantly even when the drive is plugged in, your Mac might be “sleeping” the USB ports too aggressively.

• Tip: Check your Battery/Energy Saver settings and disable “Put hard disks to sleep when possible” if you use external drives for backups.

🛠️ Essential Mac Maintenance