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    A nanopore is a nano-scale hole. In its devices, Oxford Nanopore passes an ionic current through nanopores and measures the changes in current as biological molecules pass through the nanopore or near it. The information about the change in current can be used to identify that molecule. Holes can be created by proteins puncturing membranes (biological nanopores) or in solid materials (solid-state nanopores).
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    M
    Methods for Protein Analysis Protein Separation Methods Western Blotting Protein Identification Methods 3A. Edman degradation 3B. Mass spectrometry However, and perhaps remarkably, if as shown above we digest samples of ourprotein with as few as two or three different endoproteases with different specificities, we can usually use the resulting digestion patterns (again, analyzedby mass spectrometry to provide highly accurate determination of the fragmentmolecular weights) to produce a unique identification of our unknown protein:Again, mass spectrometry is uniquely well-suited for such analyses because itcan yield very accurate determinations of molecular weights from very even verysmall amounts of fragments resulting from the digestion of a particular protein.Techniques have now been developed by which proteins separated in two-dimensional gels can be digested within the gels and then injected directly into amass spectrometer for analysis of the resulting fragments.
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    Freeze drying Freeze drying (lyophilization) is a dehydration process which allows water to sublimate directly from solid phase to vapour phase at and below the freezing temperature of the material. Sub-atmospheric pressure (< 40 Pa) is maintained in most freeze-drying operations and the condensed water is immediately removed (Pikal, 2007). Freeze drying has been for decades one of the most preferred preservation methods for culture collection maintenance (Morgan et al., 2006). Due to high viability losses, an initial bacterial load of greater than 107 viable cells/mL has been recommended to ensure sufficient cells survive the freeze-drying process, thereby giving better success in storage, reconstitution and propagation (Bozoglu et al., 1987). At commercial scale, operational and capital costs of freeze drying are very high. The freeze-drying process operates in batch mode and requires long drying times and large drying units to achieve mass production. Even so, freeze drying is currently the only drying method used at commercial scale for production of starter cultures intended for use as primary acid producers in dairy fermentations. It is reported that the majority of bacterial death occurring during freeze drying happens during the freezing stage before the drying (sublimation) process commences. A slow freezing rate leads to higher bacterial death in the subsequent sublimation stage (Uzunova-Doneva and Donev, 2002). Rapid freezing, with formation of smaller ice crystals, favours better bacterial survival. On the other hand, formation of large ice crystals during slow freezing causes structural and physiological injury to the bacterial cells and causes damage to cell membranes that cannot be repaired upon subsequent drying or rehydration (Gardiner et al., 2000). Many studies have exploited the addition of ‘protectant’ substances to enhance survival, and have investigated the use of low-cost food ingredients as protectants rather than substances such as glycine betaine (Cleland et al., 2004). Recent examples include work by Jagannath et al. (2010), who studied the survival of various probiotic bacteria after freeze drying. The survival obtained ranged from 67% to 70% depending on bacterial species. Zamora et al. (2006) compared the survival of twelve strains of lactic acid bacteria after freeze drying and reported a range from 3.3% to 100% depending on the bacterial type and protectant type used. For example, the survival of four strains of Lactococcus garviae was reported to be 100% when non-fat skim milk was used as the protectant (Zamora et al., 2006). Reddy et al. (2009) studied survival of three probiotic lactic acid bacteria with eleven different protectants (at various solids concentrations), and suggested that these protected not only the viability of the probiotic lactic acid bacteria but also their functional properties.
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    @zaasmi said in CS609 GDB1 Solution and discussion: By increasing the surface area of hard disk there is an increase of data storage. Do you think whether there is any negative impact of increasing surface area as well? Yes, by increasing the surface area of hard disk there is an increase of data storage negative impact of increasing surface area as well As a greater amount of magnetic media can reside on the hard surface of the disk also because the surface area of the disk is increased by increasing the number of platters. Increasing the surface area clearly increases the amount of data that can reside on the disk as more magnetic media no resides on disk but it might have some drawbacks like increased seek time in case only one disk platter is being used.
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    zareenZ
    GDB: Fall-2019 In machine-learning problem space can be represented through concept space, instance space version space and hypothesis space. These problem spaces used the conjunctive space and is very restrictive one and also in the above-mentioned representations of problem spaces, it is not sure that the true concept lies within conjunctive space. GDB Topic: Discuss the case if we have a bigger search space and want to overcome the restrictive nature of conjunctive space, then how can we represent our problem space. Secondly in a given scenario which algorithm is used for our problem space to represent the learning problem.
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    zaasmiZ
    said in BIO301 Assignment 2 Solution and Discussion: Genetics Assignment No. 2 Spring 2019 Due Date: 5 Aug 2019 Audio Introduction: “Please prepare an audio introduction file through any available device. Preferably Sound recorder of the Windows” General instructions • Total time of audio introduction will be 5 minutes. o Course name and code (30 sec) (Very Important) o Your Introduction (2 minutes) o Your academic Background (1 minute) o Views about course (1 minute) o Expectations about the course ( 30 sec) • This assignment carries 5 marks. • “Audio Introduction file” should be uploaded on LMS not later than 5 Aug 2019 DO NOT send the assignment thorough email. Assignments submitted through email will result in no marks. 🧬 Quick Genetics Fact for your “Views” section: If you need a talking point for the 3:30–4:30 mark, you could mention the Human Genome Project: [image: licensed-image?q=tbn:ANd9GcRQPr1Vcnnqh_CJJHNv3j6122EKs7TZW3Vj5T_AS44xqLCoq1Gw8dg2q65BHdFsnS-qFmBjDqlDYvgV0bwaJSmHMDKjbJzPApXLTP-p-r4s-YGi4yE] “I find it fascinating that the human genome contains approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA, and yet we are 99.9% genetically identical to one another. I am eager to learn how that remaining 0.1% accounts for all our diversity.”
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    zaasmiZ
    @zaasmi Check out this link for more details
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    zareenZ
    @zareen said in PSY513 GDB1 Solution and discussion: therapies should be used in forensic settings or not? From the ‘nothing works’ maxim of the 1970s to evidence-based interventions to challenge recidivism and promote pro-social behavior, psychological therapy has played an important role in rehabilitation and risk reduction within forensic settings in recent years. And yet the typical group therapy model isn’t always the appropriate path to take. In this important new book, the aims and effectiveness of individual therapies within forensic settings, both old and new, are assessed and discussed. Including contributions from authors based in the UK, North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, a broad range of therapies are covered, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Mentalisation Based Therapy, Schema Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion Focussed Therapy. Each chapter provides: an assessment of the evidence base for effectiveness; the adaptations required in a forensic setting; whether the therapy is aimed at recidivism or psychological change; the client or patient characteristics it is aimed at; a case study of the therapy in action. The final section of the book looks at ethical issues, the relationship between individual and group-based treatment, therapist supervision and deciding which therapies and therapists to select. This book is essential reading for probation staff, psychologists, criminal justice and liaison workers and specialist treatment staff. It will also be a valuable resource for any student of forensic or clinical psychology. link text
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    zareenZ
    @zareen Stem Cell Treatments Each year, scientists and medical biotechnical researchers advance further into the field of stem cell research. … In the future, scientists can use this medical biotechnology to help regrow human cells, potentially replacing limbs and organs or even healing cancer patients. reff
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    zareenZ
    The objective of a transportation problem is to develop an ----------- transportation schedule that meets all demand from given stock at a ------- total shipping cost. MTH601 (integral, maximum)
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    zaasmiZ
    Hypothesis space uses the ________________ of the attributes. CS607 conjunctions (AND) (Page No 168) [image: 1565096437598-91bd86e3-fba3-4132-885c-4bb3c224f37f-image.png]
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    zaasmiZ
    Answer will be same after convert. [image: 1564758814304-84e0807a-616d-4c42-84a2-4f63289e5a4a-image.png] [image: 1564758789133-4476461b-9e74-4125-ad00-78dac6fb19df-image.png]
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    mehwishM
    @zareen said in CS609 Quiz No.2 Solution and Discussion: What are the 3 types of viruses? Resident Virus. Resident viruses live in your RAM memory. … Multipartite Virus. … Direct Action Virus. … Browser Hijacker. … Overwrite Virus. … Web Scripting Virus. … Boot Sector Virus. … Macro Virus.
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    zaasmiZ
    said in MGT301- Quiz 1 Solution and Discussion: Company B is an internet service provider company and it has launched two different packages which charge a fixed and some variable rates according to usage in a month. Company B is using which type of product mix pricing strategies? MGT301 In MGT301, the pricing strategy where a company charges a fixed base fee plus a variable usage rate is known as Two-Part Pricing. This is a specific form of Captive-Product Pricing applied to services. How Two-Part Pricing Works Company B breaks its price into two distinct components: Fixed Fee: A flat rate paid regardless of usage (e.g., a monthly subscription or “line rent”). Variable Usage Rate: An additional charge based on the number of units consumed (e.g., GBs of data used, minutes spent on calls, or extra bandwidth). Comparison with other Product Mix Strategies To ensure you aren’t confusing this with other strategies mentioned in your course, here is how it compares: Strategy Definition Example Two-Part Pricing Service consists of a fixed fee plus a variable usage rate. Internet (Base fee + excess data charges); Amusement parks (Entry fee + per-ride fee). Captive-Product Pricing a main physical product low and its required supplies high. Razors (main) and Blades (captive). Optional-Product Pricing optional accessories sold along with the main product. Buying a laptop and choosing to add a separate mouse or bag. Product Bundle Combining several products and offering the set at a reduced price. Internet + Cable TV + Phone line package. Managerial Strategy in MGT301 In service industries, the challenge for a marketer is deciding the balance between the two parts: If the Fixed Fee is too high, customers may not sign up (lowers penetration). If the Variable Rate is too high, customers may limit their usage, reducing the company’s total revenue. The goal is to set the fixed fee low enough to induce people to use the service, and the variable rate to capture profit from heavy users. Would you like me to explain how “Product Bundle Pricing” differs when Company B offers Internet and Television together for a single price?
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    cyberianC
    @moaaz Another Idea solution #include <bios.h> #include <dos.h> FILE *fp; unsigned char buf[1024]; unsigned char st[60]; unsigned char headno[10]; unsigned char secno[10]; unsigned char trackno[10]; void main (void) { int i; for (i=0; i<1024; i++) buf[i]=0; gets(st); fp=fopeon(st,”wb”); printf(“Head”); gets(headno); puts(headno); printf(“/nsector ”); gets(secno); puts(secno); printf(“/ntrack ”); gets(trackno); puts(trackno); i = biosdisk(2, 0x80, atoi(headno), atoi(trackno), atoi(trackno), 2,buf); } if(*(((char *)(&i))+1)= =0) { fwrite(buf,2,1024,fp); fclose(fp); } else { printf(“Cannot Read Error# = %x” i); }
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