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    M
    Freeze drying Freeze drying (lyophilization) is a dehydration process which allows water to sublimate directly from solid phase to vapour phase at and below the freezing temperature of the material. Sub-atmospheric pressure (< 40 Pa) is maintained in most freeze-drying operations and the condensed water is immediately removed (Pikal, 2007). Freeze drying has been for decades one of the most preferred preservation methods for culture collection maintenance (Morgan et al., 2006). Due to high viability losses, an initial bacterial load of greater than 107 viable cells/mL has been recommended to ensure sufficient cells survive the freeze-drying process, thereby giving better success in storage, reconstitution and propagation (Bozoglu et al., 1987). At commercial scale, operational and capital costs of freeze drying are very high. The freeze-drying process operates in batch mode and requires long drying times and large drying units to achieve mass production. Even so, freeze drying is currently the only drying method used at commercial scale for production of starter cultures intended for use as primary acid producers in dairy fermentations. It is reported that the majority of bacterial death occurring during freeze drying happens during the freezing stage before the drying (sublimation) process commences. A slow freezing rate leads to higher bacterial death in the subsequent sublimation stage (Uzunova-Doneva and Donev, 2002). Rapid freezing, with formation of smaller ice crystals, favours better bacterial survival. On the other hand, formation of large ice crystals during slow freezing causes structural and physiological injury to the bacterial cells and causes damage to cell membranes that cannot be repaired upon subsequent drying or rehydration (Gardiner et al., 2000). Many studies have exploited the addition of ‘protectant’ substances to enhance survival, and have investigated the use of low-cost food ingredients as protectants rather than substances such as glycine betaine (Cleland et al., 2004). Recent examples include work by Jagannath et al. (2010), who studied the survival of various probiotic bacteria after freeze drying. The survival obtained ranged from 67% to 70% depending on bacterial species. Zamora et al. (2006) compared the survival of twelve strains of lactic acid bacteria after freeze drying and reported a range from 3.3% to 100% depending on the bacterial type and protectant type used. For example, the survival of four strains of Lactococcus garviae was reported to be 100% when non-fat skim milk was used as the protectant (Zamora et al., 2006). Reddy et al. (2009) studied survival of three probiotic lactic acid bacteria with eleven different protectants (at various solids concentrations), and suggested that these protected not only the viability of the probiotic lactic acid bacteria but also their functional properties.
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    @zaasmi said in CS609 GDB1 Solution and discussion: By increasing the surface area of hard disk there is an increase of data storage. Do you think whether there is any negative impact of increasing surface area as well? Yes, by increasing the surface area of hard disk there is an increase of data storage negative impact of increasing surface area as well As a greater amount of magnetic media can reside on the hard surface of the disk also because the surface area of the disk is increased by increasing the number of platters. Increasing the surface area clearly increases the amount of data that can reside on the disk as more magnetic media no resides on disk but it might have some drawbacks like increased seek time in case only one disk platter is being used.
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    zareenZ
    GDB: Fall-2019 In machine-learning problem space can be represented through concept space, instance space version space and hypothesis space. These problem spaces used the conjunctive space and is very restrictive one and also in the above-mentioned representations of problem spaces, it is not sure that the true concept lies within conjunctive space. GDB Topic: Discuss the case if we have a bigger search space and want to overcome the restrictive nature of conjunctive space, then how can we represent our problem space. Secondly in a given scenario which algorithm is used for our problem space to represent the learning problem.
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    zaasmiZ
    @zaasmi Mobile operating system like Android, ios, kindal, Bada, Black berry, Microsoft is an open mobile operating system with massive user/employee base and simplified mobile app development process. Enterprises are leveraging Android or etc and creating custom mobile apps that solves problems and increase value for their business. The mobile os is best for the organization because the every person have the smart phone, and the app is the Develop in low cost.
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    eco402-gdb-01-solution
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    zareenZ
    The objective of a transportation problem is to develop an ----------- transportation schedule that meets all demand from given stock at a ------- total shipping cost. MTH601 (integral, maximum)
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    zaasmiZ
    Hypothesis space uses the ________________ of the attributes. CS607 conjunctions (AND) (Page No 168) [image: 1565096437598-91bd86e3-fba3-4132-885c-4bb3c224f37f-image.png]
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    mehwishM
    @zareen said in CS609 Quiz No.2 Solution and Discussion: What are the 3 types of viruses? Resident Virus. Resident viruses live in your RAM memory. … Multipartite Virus. … Direct Action Virus. … Browser Hijacker. … Overwrite Virus. … Web Scripting Virus. … Boot Sector Virus. … Macro Virus.
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    zaasmiZ
    said in MGT301- Quiz 1 Solution and Discussion: Company B is an internet service provider company and it has launched two different packages which charge a fixed and some variable rates according to usage in a month. Company B is using which type of product mix pricing strategies? MGT301 In MGT301, the pricing strategy where a company charges a fixed base fee plus a variable usage rate is known as Two-Part Pricing. This is a specific form of Captive-Product Pricing applied to services. How Two-Part Pricing Works Company B breaks its price into two distinct components: Fixed Fee: A flat rate paid regardless of usage (e.g., a monthly subscription or “line rent”). Variable Usage Rate: An additional charge based on the number of units consumed (e.g., GBs of data used, minutes spent on calls, or extra bandwidth). Comparison with other Product Mix Strategies To ensure you aren’t confusing this with other strategies mentioned in your course, here is how it compares: Strategy Definition Example Two-Part Pricing Service consists of a fixed fee plus a variable usage rate. Internet (Base fee + excess data charges); Amusement parks (Entry fee + per-ride fee). Captive-Product Pricing a main physical product low and its required supplies high. Razors (main) and Blades (captive). Optional-Product Pricing optional accessories sold along with the main product. Buying a laptop and choosing to add a separate mouse or bag. Product Bundle Combining several products and offering the set at a reduced price. Internet + Cable TV + Phone line package. Managerial Strategy in MGT301 In service industries, the challenge for a marketer is deciding the balance between the two parts: If the Fixed Fee is too high, customers may not sign up (lowers penetration). If the Variable Rate is too high, customers may limit their usage, reducing the company’s total revenue. The goal is to set the fixed fee low enough to induce people to use the service, and the variable rate to capture profit from heavy users. Would you like me to explain how “Product Bundle Pricing” differs when Company B offers Internet and Television together for a single price?
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    cyberianC
    @moaaz Another Idea solution #include <bios.h> #include <dos.h> FILE *fp; unsigned char buf[1024]; unsigned char st[60]; unsigned char headno[10]; unsigned char secno[10]; unsigned char trackno[10]; void main (void) { int i; for (i=0; i<1024; i++) buf[i]=0; gets(st); fp=fopeon(st,”wb”); printf(“Head”); gets(headno); puts(headno); printf(“/nsector ”); gets(secno); puts(secno); printf(“/ntrack ”); gets(trackno); puts(trackno); i = biosdisk(2, 0x80, atoi(headno), atoi(trackno), atoi(trackno), 2,buf); } if(*(((char *)(&i))+1)= =0) { fwrite(buf,2,1024,fp); fclose(fp); } else { printf(“Cannot Read Error# = %x” i); }
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    zareenZ
    Who did move the resolution in Delhi Convention for a separate state? Hussain Shaheed Suharwardy Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad Quaid-e-Azam Sardar Abdurrab Nishtar Why was The Simla Conference of 1945 failed? Because of Overconfidence by the Congress leaders Coldness by F.M. Lord Wavell the Viceroy of India The criticle approach about Muslims by the Hindu Press Due to Quaid-e-Azam’s demand to have all the Muslim seats to be allocated to the Muslim League When the title of Sir was conferred to Allama Iqbal? In, 1916 In,1922 In, 1932 Which political party formed its govt in NWFP after the elections of 1945-46? Muslim league with the support of Unionist party Unionist party with the support of Congress Khudai Khidmatgar with the support of Congress Congress with the support of Unionist party Which document reflected the aspirations of every Muslim living in India? Lucknow Pact Delhi Proposals Nehru Report Jinnah’s Fourteen Points Which party formed government in NWFP after the elections of 1937? Unionist Party Khudai Khidmat gar party United Party Muslim League For whom the term “AKALIS” was used in 1945? The members of Khudai Khidmatgar Party The members of Khizar Hayat Tiwana group The members of Unionist Party in Punjab The participants in the Delhi Convention When did Chaudhry Rehmat Ali write “Now or Never”? In, 1930 In, 1931 In, 1932 In, 1933 When was Delhi Convention held by the Muslim League elected members? March, 1945 April, 1946 May, 1944 March, 1946 “Adjacent units where Muslims are in a majority, as in Northwest and East, should be constituted as Independent States where the constituent units will be autonomous and sovereign”. Which document this text belongs to? Allama Iqbal Allahabad Address 1930 The Lahore Resolution 1940 Fourteen Points of Jinnah, 1929 Delhi Proposals, 1927
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    M
    Smalltalk was the first purest ______ language and pioneered graphical user interface. Object Oriented Which of the following is the incorrect option form the following statements regarding ‘objectives of learning new languages’ ? Help in understanding the language privacy policy. Binary operator in SNOBOL must has at least _____ spaces on both sides. 1 A space is used as ______ for concatenation. Operator Sign is used for ______ in SONOBOL. Line Continuation Following are some of the reasons for studying concepts related to different programming languages EXCEPT Increased capability to design communication links COBOL was the first language that brings the concept of _________ . Structure A language evaluation criteria includes following factor EXCEPT Modularity
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    zaasmiZ
    SNOBOL was created specifically for text and string manipulation
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